Pandemi covid 19 telah menggoyahkan banyak sektor bisnis di dunia, tidak terkecuali perbankan. Di Tanah Air, rasio kredit bermasalah (non performing loan/NPL) industri perbankan terus melonjak sejak pandemi merambah ke Indonesia.
Memang mengkhawatirkan, tapi tidak ada pilihan lain, industri perbankan harus berjuang keras agar tetap exist di tengah badai virus corona yang hingga kini belum ditemukan penangkalnya.
Kondisi terkini industri perbankan nasional diulas pada bagian pertama artikel ini. Wartawan jurnal-investigasi.com, Riana Septiyani, mewawancarai Chief Economist Bank Mandiri, Andry Asmoro. Berikut petikan wawancaranya.
Pandemi covid-19 yang telah berlangsung sekitar 8 bulan di Indonesia, membawa dampak penurunan signifikan terhadap pendapatan perorangan maupun korporasi. Bagaimana tren pertumbuhan dana pihak ketiga (DPK) di perbankan secara nasional dan secara khusus di Bank Mandiri sejak pandemi mulai melanda Indonesia, yaitu pada Maret 2020 hingga saat ini? Mohon dijelaskan.
Kalau perkembangan dana perbankan, tentunya kecil sekali. Kalau kita lihat data yang kemarin saja, itu DPK perbankan year on year 11,6, year to date-nya 8,16%. Dan penopang utamanya adalah memang kelompok masyarakat atau institusi yang punya rekening di atas Rp 5 miliar. Jadi, terbantu oleh yang punya dana sebesar itu. Jadi, yang tumbuh tinggi itu kalau yang punya rekening di atas Rp 5 miliar DPK perbankannya.
Untuk yang 8,16% itu juga termasuk di Bank Mandiri?
Mungkin kalau kita lihat bank-bank besar itu, bisa tumbuhnya di atas 10%. Di atas industri yang pastinya. Pertumbuhan Bank Mandiri bisa di atas industri. Atau tadi kan industri 11% ya, menurut saya sih di sekitaran industri itu ppertumbuhanya karena kan yang pertumbuhannya besar itu adalah yang bank-bank BUKU 4 ya.
Penurunan pendapatan perseorangan maupun korporasi akibat pandemi tentu ikut menurunkan kemampuan mereka untuk melunasi pinjaman. Sejak pandemi berlangsung di Indonesia hingga saat ini, bagaimana kondisi rasio kredit bermasalah (non performing loan/NPL) perbankan secara nasional? Dan bagaimana kondisi NPL Bank Mandiri? Apakah terjadi lonjakan NPL?
Saya bicaranya industri aja ya. Karena sebenarnya kalau Bank Mandiri relatif meningkat, tapi bisa dicegahlah. Kalau dilihat dari industrinya itu, NPL kan kemarin keluar 3,2%. Terus kalau kita lihat dari sekarang, terakhir tuh 3,2% NPL-nya. Nah, menurut saya, NPL pertumbuhan 3,5%-4%-lah di 2020 ini. Jadi, kalau dilihat, NPL-nya 3,2%. Nah, bayangan saya 3,5%-4% di akhir tahun ini. Yang saya tadi saya sebutkan nasional, industri perbankan, itu.
Kalau untuk Bank Mandirinya, nanti saya cek deh angkanya terakhir seperti apa daripada nanti saya salah nyebutin karena biasanya yang megang angkanya nih teman-teman di cross check untuk media. Yang angka terakhirnya saya perlu tanya dulu. Tapi saya rasa pasti meningkat NPL Mandiri. Kan enggak mungkin enggak meningkat karena memang kalau kita lihat kinerja sektor rillnya sudah turun.
Karena kondisi sekarang juga memungkinkan untuk meningkatnya NPL. Karena kondisinya begitu. Dan memang agak terbantu karena ada POJK 11 kan, stimulus dari OJK itu yang restrukturisasi untuk memulihkan perbankan melakukan restrukturisasi.
Bagaimana cara Bank Mandiri mengatasi terjadinya lonjakan NPL selama masa pandemi covid-19?
Pertama, kan kita melakukan restrukturisasi, udah dari awal ya. Untuk nasabah-nasabah yang tadinya bisnisnya bagus, terus kemudian terdampak karena covid ini, turun. Terus susah untuk membayar cicilan pinjaman, cicilan bunga dan cicilan pokok ya. Akhirnya yang dilakukan adalah kita membantu nasabah-nasabah supaya tetap bertahan di kondisi seperti saat ini. Terus kemudian nanti ketika pulih, bisa kembali beroperasi lagi seperti sediakala.
Jadi, yang kita lakukan pertama adalah untuk mencegah peningkatan NPL, melakukan restrukturisasi. Terus tetap pemberian bantuan kredit modal kerja, support dipemberian kredit modal kerja kepada beberapa nasabah yang memang membutuhkan. Bantuan kredit modal kerja supaya bisa bertahan di masa pandemi.
Nah, di samping itu, selain melakukan restrukturisasi untuk mencegah peningkatan NPL, kita juga tetap melakukan pencairan kredit. Namun, kepada sektor-sektor yang memang selektif, yang masih kira-kira prospeknya mampu recover cepat, masih bisa bertahan di tengah pandemi. Kan tidak semua sektor juga terdampak berat, ada juga sektor-sektor yang malah mendapatkan positif (impact) dari covid ini. (J2)
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