Inflasi 2021 Tetap Rendah

Inflasi 2021 Tetap Rendah
(Sumber: Bank Indonesia)

BERDASARKAN data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), inflasi Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK) pada 2021 tetap rendah dan berada di bawah kisaran sasaran 3,0±1%. Inflasi IHK 2021 tercatat sebesar 1,87% (yoy), meningkat jika dibandingkan dengan inflasi IHK 2020 sebesar 1,68% (yoy).

Inflasi yang rendah pada 2021 tersebut dipengaruhi permintaan domestik yang belum kuat sebagai dampak pandemi covid-19, pasokan yang memadai, serta sinergi kebijakan Bank Indonesia dan pemerintah, baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah, dalam menjaga kestabilan harga. Ke depan, Bank Indonesia tetap konsisten menjaga stabilitas harga dan memperkuat koordinasi kebijakan dengan pemerintah, baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah, guna menjaga inflasi sesuai kisaran targetnya 3,0±1% pada 2022.

Inflasi IHK Desember 2021 tercatat sebesar 0,57% (mtm). Inflasi tersebut meningkat dari bulan sebelumnya sebesar 0,37% (mtm) dan lebih tinggi dari rerata inflasi Desember 5 tahun sebelumnya sebesar 0,51% (mtm). Meningkatnya tekanan inflasi IHK di akhir tahun didorong oleh kelompok inflasi volatile food dan administered prices.

Adapun inflasi inti tercatat 0,16% (mtm), relatif stabil jika dibandingkan dengan inflasi bulan sebelumnya sebesar 0,17% (mtm). Inflasi kelompok volatile food tercatat sebesar 2,32% (mtm), lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan inflasi bulan lalu sebesar 1,19% (mtm), sejalan pola musiman akhir tahun. Kelompok administered prices mencatat inflasi sebesar 0,45% (mtm), meningkat dari inflasi bulan sebelumnya sebesar 0,37% (mtm) seiring peningkatan permintaan angkutan udara pada Natal dan Tahun Baru.

Perkembangan covid-19 memengaruhi inflasi pada 2021. Inflasi 2021 yang rendah dipengaruhi inflasi inti yang tercatat sebesar 1,56% (yoy), sedikit menurun jika dibandingkan dengan inflasi inti tahun sebelumnya. Rendahnya inflasi inti, terutama dipengaruhi oleh belum kuatnya permintaan domestik seiring dengan kebijakan pembatasan mobilitas yang harus ditempuh untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19 di tengah pengaruh tekanan harga global ke domestik yang minimal.

Di sisi lain, kebijakan Bank Indonesia tetap konsisten menjaga ekspektasi inflasi terjangkar sesuai sasaran dan stabilitas nilai tukar sesuai dengan fundamentalnya. Inflasi volatile food terkendali sebesar 3,20% (yoy), didukung ketersediaan pasokan dan kelancaran distribusi bahan pangan yang tetap terjaga serta sinergi kebijakan Bank Indonesia dan pemerintah untuk menjaga stabilitas harga.

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Sementara itu, inflasi administered prices meningkat dari tahun lalu menjadi sebesar 1,79% (yoy), sejalan dengan peningkatan mobilitas masyarakat pascapelonggaran kebijakan pembatasan mobilitas. (RLS/J1)

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